Theoretical Information An interval is the difference between two pitches. A semitone is the closest distance between sounds, that is, they are adjacent keys. One tone is equal to 2 semitones. Intervals can be called Major (M), minor (m), Perfect (P), Augmented (A) or diminished (d) |
| An interval may be described as horizontal, linear, or melodic if it refers to successively sounding tones, such as two adjacent pitches in a melody, | |
| and vertical or harmonic if it pertains to simultaneously sounding tones, such as in a chord. |
| Perfect unison – sounds are located on one scale tone and sound the same (P1).* | |
| Second (2nd)- an interval, the distance between the sounds of which is 2 degrees – halftone (minor second) (m2) | |
| or tone (major second) (M2) | |
| Third (3rd)- an interval consists of three degrees – one and a half tones (minor) | |
| or two tones (major) | |
| Fourth (4th) – an interval of two and a half tones (4 scale tones) – a perfect fourth. | |
| Fifth (5th)- an interval of three and a half tones (5 scale tones), called the perfect fifth. | |
| Sixth (6th) – an interval including 6 degrees: a minor sixth consists of four tones, | |
| major – 4.5 tones. | |
| Seventh (7th) – an interval of seven degrees – five tones (minor Seventh) | |
| or five and a half tones (major seventh ). | |
| Octave – an interval of six tones (8 degrees ). |
* Examples are given in a harmonic presentation
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